| The Public Institutions Index
covers two important areas – Contracts/Law and Corruption.
Contracts/Law would refer to independence of the judiciary,
fair bidding on public contracts, and the impact of organized
crime on business. Corruption would refer to the perception
of bribes paid for import or export permits, connections
to public utilities, or in connection with tax payments.
The Philippines received low marks in all these areas,
including ranking at the bottom in terms of the perception
of bribes in connection with government policymaking
and next to bottom in terms of illegal political donations.
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